Causes and Consequences of Corruption in India and How to Counter It

DEFINITION OF CORRUPTION Corruption is defined as the use of public office for private gain, or in other words, use of official position, rank or status by an office bearer for his own personal benefit. Following from this definition, examples of corrupt behaviour would include: (a) bribery, (b) extortion, (c) fraud, (d) embezzlement, (e) nepotism, (f) cronyism, (g) appropriation of public assets and property for private use, and (h) influence peddling. Activities such as fraud and embezzlement can be undertaken by an official alone and without involvement of a second party.While others such as bribery, extortion and influence peddling involve two parties –The giver and taker in a corrupt deal. The two party type of corruption can arise under a variety of circumstances. Often mentioned are concerned with the following: (i) Government contracts: bribes can influence who gets the contract, the terms of the contract, as well as terms of subcontracts when the project is implemente d. (ii) Government benefits: bribes can influence the allocation of monetary benefits such as credit subsidies and favoured prices and exchange rates where price controls and multiple exchange rates exist.Bribes can also be important in obtaining licenses and permits to engage in lucrative economic activities such as importing certain goods in high demand and in short supply. Moreover, bribes can be employed to acquire in-kind benefits such as access to privileged schools, subsidized medical care, subsidized housing and real estate, and attractive ownership stakes in enterprises that are being privatized. (iii) Government revenue: bribes can be used to reduce the amount of taxes, fees, dues, custom duties, and electricity and other public utility charges collected from business firms and private individuals. iv) Time savings and regulatory avoidance: bribes can speed up the granting of permission, licenses and permits to carry out activities that are perfectly legal. This is the so- called â€Å"grease money† to turn the wheels of bureaucracy more smoothly, speedily and hopefully in the right direction. It is also not difficult to think of a really awful situation where rules and regulations, and the way they are applied, are so complex and burdensome that the only way left to get things done is to pay money to avoid them. (v) Influencing outcomes of legal and regulatory processes: bribes can be used to provide incentives to regulatory uthorities to refrain from taking action, and to look the other way, when private parties engage in activities that are in violation of existing laws, rules and regulations such as those relating to controlling pollution, preventing health hazards, or promoting public safety as in the case of building codes and traffic regulations. Similarly, bribes can be given to favour one party over another in court cases or in other legal and regulatory proceedings. Causes:- 1) Lack of effective management and organisation: Due to mis management and disorganisation, there is a weak control on various departments and their working.This leads to lack of coordination and control among departments and levels of organisation. This uncontrolled and unsupervised administration gives rise to corruption on large scale. Besides, appointment of inefficient and incapable managers and executives on various levels of hierarchy also leads to mismanagement and disorganisation. The only cause of this wrong appointment is corruption. Hence, corruption breeds corruption. 2) Lack of economical stability: Economical crisis and price hike are major causes of corruption. Economical crisis leads to unemployment and change in standard of living.It develops a feeling of insecurity in the minds of affected people. Most of the people do not have patience and courage to face this situation. In order to regain their employment and to maintain standard of living and status, this affected people engage themselves in illegal and immoral activiti es. They do not want to work hard again for achieving the same position and post. They use various illegal short cuts for achieving them. 3) Lack of effective leadership: Good leaders can only lead people towards growth, development and progress. They play significant role in eradication of social evils.In India, there is tremendous shortage of good leaders. Leaders convey message of citizens to the administration and government. They lead the people against corruption and social evils. A country cannot survive without honest and sincere leaders. There is urgent need of leaders like Mahatma Gandhiji. We need more Anna Hazares and Medha Patkars. 4) Lack of support: There are few good leaders in India. They strive hard to eradicate corruption from the society. But due to lack of support and cooperation from people, the voice and efforts of these great leaders are often suppressed.People of India are more concerned with their life than the development and protection of their country ag ainst social evils. Many citizens have accepted corruption as a part of their life. They think, it is useless and waste of time, to support leaders against corruption. 5) Lack of values: Home and educational institution play a significant role in character building of citizens. Moral values are only taught in most of these institutions. But, they are not properly inculcated in individual. This is the basic cause of corruption. Many parents and teachers do not practise what they preach.Hence, their preaching does not bring out desired results. Children imitate parents. If parents are corrupt, it is more likely that children will also become corrupt. 6) Lack of love for country: Due to rapid modernisation and globalisation, people are becoming more and more selfish. They are only concerned with self enrichment and wealth accumulation. The only objective of many Indian is to become rich as soon as possible. They consider themselves as patriotic just by celebrating independence and repu blic day. They do not know the actual meaning of patriotism. They are not concerned with development of nation and rights of others.Due to this attitude, they easily get involved in corruption and immoral activities. During strike and protests, many politically affiliated citizens damage and destroy public property. 7) Lack of proper system: In India, corruption exists in all levels and areas of system. Very few honest people survive in this corrupt system. Those who raise their voice against corruption are killed or forced to resign. This accelerates the growth of corruption. Most of the people involved in Indian system have take corruption as part and parcel of their duties. They don't have hatred or ill feeling towards corruption.They think that without it, we cannot survive and sustain in this system. Besides, systems are interrelated and interdependent. As a result, corruption spreads like tumour in all the systems. 8) Lack of satisfaction: Greed results from non-satisfaction. People are not satisfied with their current status, position and wealth. They want to become millionaire in a short span of time. Growth and richness is not bad. But it is sad to see that the Indian are adopting illegal and immoral ways to achieve them. Many Indians are engaged in unhealthy competitions of wealth accumulation (with relatives, colleagues and neighbours). ) Lack of autonomy: Establishment and expansion of private and business sector depend on approval of politician. Many politician misuse their authority and power. They have only one criterion for approval â€Å"Pay us otherwise you will not get paid†. Entrepreneurs consider bribery as tax like other official taxes. Bribery has become necessary for the establishment of organisation. Companies and contractors secure contracts and government projects due to bribe. Good quotations and work of company does not considered to be criteria for securing contracts. 0) Lack of good control and vigilance: In India, some ag encies are working day and night to stop corruption. But some officials of these agencies get tempted towards illegal commissions and leave corrupt people without any penalty and punishment. Corruption breeds corruption. To keep a check on crores of people, more agencies and more honest officials are required. Hence, there is a tremendous shortage of these agencies and officials in India. This results in lack of control and vigilance on illegal activities. 11) Lack of good remuneration: In private sector, employer decides salary and employment benefits.He has complete freedom and there is no pressure on him from government. Due to this fact, many employers pay less for more work. They exploit employees of their companies. Even the working conditions in most of the establishments are worse. Employee does not have any social security and retirement benefits. Employees get frustrated and adopt illegal means to make their earnings better and future secure. 12) Lack of employment: Many u nemployed educated youth fall prey to corruption. They are willing to pay huge amount for jobs. Many employer take undue advantage of this situation. They take bribe and give appointment letters.The appointed employee uses all means (legal and illegal) to recover his lost money as early as possible. Hence, Corruption breeds corruption. When these employees achieve power and authority. They take bribe from candidates for jobs. These traditions of corruption continue from generation to generation without any check and control. 13) Lack of seats and educational institutions: In order to fulfil dreams and ambitions of their children, parents pay huge donation to secure admission for their children. Hence, the basis of admission is not merit but money. Management use maximum utilisation of quota granted to them.Every year there is a increase in donation amount. Affluent students who secured less percentage in examinations, easily gets admissions by paying huge donations. Poor students wh o secured good percentage struggle day and night to get admissions. Many a time their efforts go in vain due to lack of seats and more number of applicants. Consequences:- 1) Loss of National wealth: This is the greatest loss for the people of India. Since independence, India is showing tremendous growth in corruption (Jeep deal to 2 G spectrum scams). India lost billions and billions dollars of money in various scams.Instead of becoming independent affluent nation, India is dependent on international loans, grants and favours due to this tremendous of wealth in corruption. 2) Hindrance and obstruction in development: Corruption is the only obstruction in the way towards development. We cannot become a developed and self sufficient nation until corruption is not eradicated from our country. Many developmental projects are taking unnecessary time for their completion due to corruption. Since, many officials consider these projects as special hens(hens which lay golden eggs every day) . If project will get completed, these special hens will die.Hence, they take proper care of these hens. 3)Backwardness: Due to corruption, India is behind in almost every field- sports, inventions, health, medicine, research, education, economy, defence, infrastructure, technology and so on. Many scientists do not have latest equipments and technology for research and development. Sportsmen do not have proper facilities, equipments, coaching and training. There are scams and corruption in defence deals. Many doctors lack specialised and modern skills of treatment and diagnosis. 4) Poverty: Due to corruption, government is unable to eradicate poverty.Rich are becoming richer by snatching the rights and wealth of poor. Various packages, reservations and compensations for poor people, minorities and backward community are announced by government from time to time. But these disadvantaged sections of society hardly get any benefits. Since, affluent people freely consume benefits meant for poor. 5) Authority and power in wrong hands: Ineligible and incapable candidates are selected for various important positions. They pay and get selected. Due to their inefficiency, there exist many faults and weaknesses in system and management. These faults get easily hidden through corruption.The deserving and creative candidates satisfy themselves with unsuitable jobs and positions. 6) Brain drain: Corrupt employers and mediators offer jobs to unskilled and incapable candidates by taking bribe. They get their share of wealth. But nation loses its valuable share. Due to lack of good opportunities in India, many creative and talented Indian are serving developed nations. This is a tremendous loss for India. Since, we cannot become a developed nation without the contribution of talented and creative people. Talented people who serve other countries are actually cheating with their own nation.They are made capable and efficient by their own nation. But they use their capabilities for increasing the efficiency of other nation. This is also considered as corruption. 7) Rise in terrorism and crimes: One of the reasons for rise in crimes is corruption in police administration. Police departments grant security and protection to the citizens. When this departments get engaged in corrupt activities. Then there is no control on crimes and brutal killings. Since, criminals are given freedom and victims are tortured. Besides, corruption also leads to injustice. Injustice gives birth to crimes and anti social activities.Citizens take up arms for securing justice. 8) Rise in suicide cases: Suicide cases are increasing in India by leaps and bounds. One of the major causes in several suicide cases is injustice resulting from corruption. Government announces various schemes and help packages for farmers but most of the time this financial help does not reach to the farmers due to corruption in administration. This leads to rise in suicides cases among farmers. Candidates fulfil all necessary criteria for jobs or admissions, but then also they fail in their attempt to secure it because they do not have political contacts and money.This leads to hopelessness and depression which ultimately results in suicide. 9) Psychological and social disorders: Due to corruption in judicial system and police administration. Culprits are left free and victims get punishments and injustice. Due to this injustice, many victims suffer from depression and serious psychological disorders. Many victims get frustrated with judicial system and develop feeling of revenge against culprits. As a result, the victims become culprits by engaging themselves in anti-social activities. It corrodes the healthy social fabric of nation. How to counter Corruption:- ) Value education: Parents and teachers should inculcate moral values in children. Practice is more persuasive than preaching. The best way to inculcate values in children is not only to preach but to set an example by actua l doing. They should set themselves as a model of good behaviour. They should narrate stories based on moral values. Teacher should not only teach morals in value education period but they should inculcate values in pupils by correlating value education with various subjects and activities. They should not leave any stone unturned for achieving this great purpose. ) Effective and regular vigilance: Strict action should be taken against lazy and corrupt officials. Number of agencies and officials should be increased. They should be properly trained in the latest investigative skills. Government should supervise and monitor these agencies. They should be quick and active in their duties. They should not delay their investigation and inspection . Since, these delays is the cause for loss of tremendous wealth of nation. 3) Responsible citizen: If an individual is corrupt, he cannot expect those in power to be free from corruption.Hence, it is essential for every citizen to perform his d uties faithfully and to the best of their abilities. Every citizen should strive hard to eradicate corruption. People of India should report cases of corruption to vigilance department immediately without delay. They should follow up the cases of corruption. Since, merely reporting the evil practice is not sufficient for its complete eradication. 4) Strong and Effective leadership and administration: All those who are granted powers and authority by people should fulfil their promises and pledge.They should strive their utmost to eradicate corruption from systems and administrations. They should give up hypocrisy. Government and vigilance agencies should keep a check on their source of income and bank accounts. If any leader is not performing his duties properly, then he should be immediately terminated from the position. It should be performance based position. Government should do performance appraisal of leaders regularly. 5) Media: Media has wider coverage and impact. It plays a n important role in changing the life of people. It should frequently expose the cases of corruption.It should educate people against corruption on regular basis. Journalists and editors should give complete information about the issues related to corruption in their newspapers. Reporters should give more importance to the news and information on corruption; they should report corruption cases immediately. 6) Legislation: Government should frame strict and stringent anti-corruption laws. Severe punishments and penalties should be imposed on corrupt people. The justice and proceedings should not be delayed. Immediate action should be taken against corrupt people. The punishment should act as a good lesson for other corrupt people. ) Social organisation: Non government organisations should work in coordination with people and vigilance departments for prevention of illegal activities. They should devise and plan innovative strategies and methods against corruption. 8) Declaration of w ealth and assets: It should be made mandatory for political leaders and government officials to declare their wealth and assets. Investigation agencies should strictly and properly check their claims and declaration. 9) Transparency: Every process of selection, dealing and appointments of different fields should be made transparent.People should be made aware of reasons and merit for selection of candidates, contracts, tenders, etc. 10) Advertising: Advertising and marketing agencies should educate and aware people against corruption. There should be appealing ads on internet, vehicles, bus stops, railway stations, sign boards and television. 11) Serials and films: Films are powerful medium of mass communication. Films have powerful influence and widespread appeal. Films can be used to create public opinion against corruption. Producers should make certain popular serials and movies against corruption.Serials should have different episodes dealing with various types of corruption an d their cures. 12) Appointment and admissions: Selection of students, managers, officers and executives should only be based on merit. It is the responsibility of candidates and parents to critically examine the selection and appointment procedures. They should report irregularities to the higher authorities without delay. 13) Religious sermon: In India, people show very strict adherence to their faith and belief. They are very sensitive towards religion, place of worship and religious leaders.They have deep attachment and great respect for preachers and spiritual orators. They try to adopt the teachings of their spiritual leaders in day to day life. Hence, religious leaders should give sermons against corruption. 14) Loyalty and patriotism: Every citizen of India should become patriotic in true sense. He should give priority and preference to the development of his nation. He should always remain loyal to their beautiful culture, ethics and country. Social workers, political leader s, media and teachers should inculcate true patriotism in the citizens of India. 5) Dedicated and diligent leaders: There should be more dedicated, devoted and diligent leaders like Medha Patkar and Anna Hazare. These leaders dedicated their whole life for eradicating corruption. It is the responsibility of every citizen of India to support and cooperate with leaders who are sincerely striving against corruption. 16) Coordination and control: All government and non government agencies should work in coordination with media, educational institutions and corporate sectors to control and eradicate corruption. They should be united in their efforts against corruption. 17) Creative writers: Pen is mightier than sword.Creative writers should write appealing articles and books against corruption. They should write interesting short stories based on honesty. 18) College and Universities: These institutions should educate and train the youth against corruption. They should organise symposium , debates, group discussion, seminars and lectures for this purpose. 19) Gratitude: We Indian should show gratitude towards all those honest people who sacrificed and laid their lives for eradicating corruption from our beautiful country. It is now our turn to take this greatest responsibility and make our nation free from corruption.

Tuition Free Online University Essay - 1691 Words

Skip to main content Tuition-Free Online University You are logged in as Brandon Bair (Log out) Home About Us Policies University Catalog Student Handbook Study Process Support Student Portal My Courses Page path Home /My courses /Current Term (Term 2, 2016-2017) /UNIV 1001B - AY2017-T2 /17 November - 23 November /Written Assignment Unit 2 /Assessing submission Written Assignment Unit 2 Assessed submission Companions in Artificial Intelligence submitted on Saturday, 19 November 2016, 6:37 PMmodified on Monday, 21 November 2016, 6:39 PM Companions in Artificial Intelligence Ruben Damian Corbo University of the People Artificial Intelligence has always been a very interesting subject to me from the time I watched any film from the Terminator series (1984-2015) with the evil A.I. known as Skynet. Not all AI is bad as we know from Steven Spielberg s â€Å"A.I.† (2001) and today Artificial Intelligence is far from fiction. I’ve always wondered how close could we get to a world where Artificial Intelligence could become a companion, and in my research I have found that programmers and inventors are already working on a companion to ease the sense of loneliness we all feel from time to time. There could be a lot of reasons why someone would want some form of companionship when real life presence is not readily available. Katie Collins (2013) quotes, â€Å"Like any proud parent whose kids leave home, Hayashi had a void to fill. 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A Career as a Veterinarian Essay - 530 Words

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Big Fish Is A Good Character Study - 1474 Words

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In this film, the two most important characters our Edward and William. Edward bloom is the main character of the film for many reasons. Edward is mostly considered as the hero of the film. According to New York times, A.O Scott states, â€Å"The hero is Edward Bloom, a traveling salesman, who, though he comes from a small town in Alabama, is played as a young man by Ewan McGregor, who is Scottish, and in his later years by Albert Finney, who is English† (Scott). He is a man that explains his life through marvelous stories thatShow MoreRelatedSymbolism In Hemingways The Old Man And The Sea1488 Words   |  6 Pagessimilar, but on a smaller scale to the main character of the novel, Santiago. In the daring story of Santiago, an old fisherman who hasn’t caught a fish for 84 days battles the forces of nature to get his big gest catch. The symbols in the novel helps readers personally connects their lives with the book. 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One is Kanji, which is several thousands of Chinese characters, Hiragana and Katakana, which together are called Kana. These are much si mpler than Kanji, only having 2 syllables consisting of 46 characters each. The capital of Japan is Tokyo. According to www.citymayors.comRead MoreThe Fairy Story Of Briar Rose898 Words   |  4 Pagesmanner. Exposing the children to such an interesting story line can assist them to develop the virtue of treating people without discrimination, irrespective of the family background. The virtue of kindness, for instance, is evident whereby the small fish tells the queen ‘I know what your wish is, and it shall be fulfilled, in return for your kindness to me—you will soon have a daughter† (Grimm and Grimm 40). The story, however, exposes children to discrimination, and adverse consequences that mightRead MorePros And Cons Of Psychological Tests1019 Words   |  5 PagesTests. Many people live without knowing exactly who they are paying very little attention on their personality. Like many things it may be hard to define the character of the person and to explain why he or she behaves in a particular way in one or another situation. Some say that genetics plays the leading role in defining the character of the person, others are sure it is the result of environment that has a substantial influence on people s behavior. The following paper will describe the relevanceRead MoreFranny And Zooey Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagesforgot his birthday, is a good example of this positive use of ego. Buddy Glass says that his writing suffers from being too clever, and sometimes his complicated writing style is difficult to understand. Combining his problems with ego is J.D. Salingers himself, as there are many similarities between Buddy and Salinger. Both are students of Zen, both have been writing stories since they were 15, both live in cabins. In this sense, the egotism of Zooey is not that big of a deal. In the sameRead MoreMrs. Dalloway Paper1209 Words   |  5 Pagesthe book, Woolf shows how distracting technology can be through the interactions her characters have with many different forms of it. In her article â€Å"Modern Transportation and Vitalism in Mrs. Dalloway†, Cheryl Volzer argues that the modern world the characters from the book live in is disruptive and only nature brings peace back to them. She also argues that the modern technologies experienced by the characters cause them to lose emotions and feelings. Volzer points out that very often it is a carRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Integrity641 Words   |  3 Pages11:1 says that The Bible also deals with the moral responsibility one has in the commercial world. Absolute integrity is a delight to the Lord. Integrity can be taught through almost any character in the Bible. For instance, Jonah ignored God’s calling, he ran off. God then corrected Jonahâ €™s ways with a real big fish. In a way, it would be like having God beside me in the classroom, it makes life so much easier. With God by my side I would feel no temptation to cheat or take any shortcuts. CheatingRead More The Trickster Essay1363 Words   |  6 Pagesanybody; the inventor of ingenious stratagems is presented as an idiot; the master of magical power is sometimes powerless to extricate himself from quandaries.quot; (p.67 Hynes and Doty). The trickster seems to be a comedy of opposites. For every good aspect of his persona there is an equal and opposite aspect. In religious stories his role is very diverse. He is the breaker if taboos. He provides comic relief to a religious myth. And he will pull off elaborate schemes to teach a moral lesson orRead MoreExegesis: Jonah4151 Words   |  17 Pages OLD TESTAMENT EXEGESIS K. Andersen Old Testament BIB 303 November 28, 2012 Table of Contents Outline†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Content Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Nineveh and Jonah’s Decision†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Main Characters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†¦8 Jonah’s Rebellion and God’s Grace†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 PracticalApplication†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.12 Outline 1. Content Analysis: Jonah 1:11-17 2

Alcohol Essay Free Essays

His advice to teens is to not rink at all and stand up to peer pressure. The advice he gives to his children is to Stay clear Of alcohol and if you are brought into a situation involving alcohol excuse yourself from the party or wherever that may be. He explained that even if you aren’t drinking and are in an environment with alcohol that new laws in Pennsylvania claim you are still in the possession of alcohol and you can get charged for that. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now He touched on the fact that it’s becoming socially acceptable by some parents to allow their kids to drink in a controlled environment. He is completely against this because you run the risk of them tenting behind the wheel and putting their lives at risk. I think many people need to be aware of Officer Myers view on substance abuse amongst teens. Especially the fact that you can still get charged with underage drinking, if you are in the presence of alcohol at a party, even if you aren’t the one drinking it. I’m against this law because I think it discourages the idea of designated drivers but do believe people need to be aware of it. The first adult I interviewed had a very strong opinion on substance abuse among adolescents. She stated that people have a genetic predetermined gene that makes them have an addictive personality. If kids start experimenting with alcohol and drugs too early she believes that they will most likely become abusers by adulthood. She stated, â€Å"It runs in families, for example, several men in my family are alcoholics who personally turned me off from drinking. Also, my older brother was a heavy drinker and my niece has had years of alcohol and drug abuse. It eventually got to the point that she lost custody of her 5 children and was put in jail for stealing money to support her habit. Having grown up with an alcoholic grandfather, she explained that watching the negative effects that alcohol had on her family add her feel in a way that she didn’t think alcohol was something she needed. She was extremely curious as to how kids today even obtain alcohol, who gives them the money, and so on. She also thinks it’s outrageous that some parents accept drinking among th eir teens or even allow them to do it at home. She added, â€Å"l have friends that who let their underage kids drink at home and they said it was to teach them to learn to drink responsibly. However, I think that could increase their chances of addiction and should not be tolerated. † I definitely can relate to this persons perspective on alcohol abuse among adolescents. Coming from a family that has had alcohol and drug problems, I completely understand her viewpoint and why she feels that its not only is it unnecessary for her to drink, but that underage drinking should not be tolerated. However, as I do believe that some people may be more prone to becoming an addict I do disagree with her statement about people being born addicts. The second adult I interviewed absolutely had a different view on drinking and alcohol abuse among adolescents. She started off by saying â€Å"The way the laws are today, teens cannot drink beer like did when was a teen. Now they rink hard liquor and they can’t handle it. It’s also so forbidden that it almost makes it attractive. † She continued by saying that drinking vodka as your first experience is a gateway into trying the next bigger thing which could be smoking weed, than taking pills, and then getting into harder drugs and major alcohol and substance abuse problems. She believes the laws have helped with Dud’s but not with changing the drinking and substance abuse amongst teens. Experimenting with alcohol, she stated, is something that teens have always done and that is something she doesn’t think any law or program loud change and convince teenagers not to drink. She also added, â€Å"l feel it’s always going to take something tragic to happen to make somebody say they won’t ever drink again. Also feel people are born addicts. I had a friend in high school who drank beer in his house alone every night and when used to ask him why he did that he said it was because he liked the way it made him feel. That teen ended up becoming an alcoholic. She strongly felt that she there wasn’t anything someone could do about it. Starting a habit that young as a teen wreaked havoc on his early adult life. When asked about her experiences with drinking she stated that, â€Å"l personally could never drink again in my life an d it wouldn’t bother me. I think people are the way they are. † She explained this is why it’s hard for her to relate to teens that have us absence issues because she wonders why they can’t just stop doing what they are doing. Something I strongly agree with that this second adult stated was that sometimes it takes something tragic to happen for a teen or even an adult to say that they will never drink again. Although this is clearly not the ideal situation I do think that this happens a lot and that sometimes kids are hard o convince otherwise. Also agree that bad habits of substance abuse as a teen can lead to a troubled adulthood. I also agree with her view on something that seems like a spiral affect. If you start drinking vodka as a young teen, you may keep experimenting with worse things that could have serious negative effects. The teens interviewed had very interesting views on substance abuse amongst adolescents. The first teen started off by saying, â€Å"l think it’s ridiculous that the drinking age is 21 to prevent brain damage, injuries, and addiction when an 18 year old can legally buy cigarettes and smoke as many packs a day as they want. Teens can risk their lives fighting for a country in a war but can’t have a beer. † His reasoning was that he understands that experimenting with alcohol can be very dangerous can kill you if you drink too much, especially as a teen, but he feels that he is mature enough to drink responsibly. His parents were raised in a house where they were able to drink wine with dinner; this made drinking seem like less of a deal. To him, drinking in a controlled environment can benefit kids and stop them from binge drinking. He also stated that drinking in a controlled environment can decreases a child’s chance of addiction. The zero tolerance by the police for alcohol abuse by teens does not work. They should instead try to teach teens how to drink responsibly,† he stated. His parents rule is that if he comes home too intoxicated then he will be grounded for a month but they understand that he Will be experimenting with alcohol. While they do not encourage it, they are understanding and want him to know that he can call them if him or any Of his friends are in danger and need help. He added, â€Å"l think that’s the best way to be because don’t have to sneak around and can have an honest relationship with my parents. † I thought that my friend’s viewpoint on the fact that if an 18 year old is fighting for our country, risking his life, and can legally buy cigarettes that he should be able to drink a beer was very interesting. It’s something that don’t hear about a lot and is a bit controversial because it seems like fighting in a war and smoking can be much more harmful to one’s health. I agree that the zero tolerance policy by the police with underage drinking does not work in most cases because don’t think teens are ever going to stop drinking. Although I’m not sure that his family’s rules on him drinking are the best, it’s interesting how beneficial they seem to him. â€Å"l think drinking is really fun and that’s why teenagers do it. Kids who binge drink and throw up are disgusting but they will learn from their mistakes,† is what the second friend interviewed had to say. Similarly to what my first friend said, my second friend said that although some adults are in denial of this, no alcohol class, citation, or program could make him stop drinking. Alcohol use amongst teens is completely normal to him but what he is against is getting behind the wheel after you have been drinking or getting in the car tit someone who has been drinking. He stated that if adults want to help teens maybe they should educate them about how different types of alcohol affection differently so teens are aware of alcohol poisoning and how easy it could happen to someone. He added, â€Å"l think the kids who drink the most and do drugs have family problems or other deep rooted issues. Most teenagers just want to have a good time on the weekend and get away from the stress of school, sports, Stats, college applications etc. † In conclusion, he stated that these types of kids who drink to have a good time are different hat kids who abuse drugs and alcohol and that those kids have way bigger problems. How to cite Alcohol Essay, Essays

Psychology Essay Example Example For Students

Psychology Essay Example Causes, Symptoms, Complications and Treatments for the eating disorder Anorexia Nervosa. Eating disorders are devastating behavioral maladies brought on by a complex interplay of factors, which may include emotional and personality disorder, family pressure, a possible genetic or biological susceptibility and a culture in which there is an over abundance of food and an obsession with thinness. Eating disorders are generally characterized as bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and eating disorders not other wise specified. According to the World of Psychology anorexia is defined as an eating disorder characterized by an overwhelming, irrational fear of being fat, compulsive dieting to the point of self starvation and excessive weight loss.(World of Psychology Page 317). There are some causes, symptoms, complications and treatment of anorexia nervosa. There is no single cause for the eating disorder anorexia but a number of factors including emotional disorders and cultural influences. Researchers have shown that emotional disorders such as depression collaborate in causing anorexia nervosa. This is because most anorexic patients have been found to have abnormal levels of certain neurotransmitters particularly serotonin, that are associated with depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. According to a research conducted by Dr. John .E. Godine of Harvard Medical School studies are finding that low blood levels of amino acid tryptophan, a component in food that is essential to the production of serotonin, can produce depression and may also contribute to anorexia nervosa (Psychology Today Page 17, May 97). Researches have also shown that changes in seasons affects both depression and eating disorders and also that onset of anorexia appears to peak in May, which is also a peak month for suicide. Anxiety disorders are also very common with anorexia. Phobias and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) usually precede the onset of the eating disorder, while panic disorder tends to follow. Studies have shown that people with anorexia are especially prone to obsessive compulsive disorder. Cultural influences can also cause anorexia as can be seen in most western cultures. The social pressures of western cultures certainly play a major role in triggering eating disorders such as anorexia. On the other hand, advertisers heavily market weight reductions programs and present anorexic young models as the paradigm of sexual desirability and on the other hand again, the media floods the public with ads for junk food. According to the World of Psychology over the past quarter century, the ideal female figure as portrayed in the media and by fashion and entertainment industries, has become even thinner, often to the point of emancipation(World of Psychology Page 317). Due to cultural influences in a country where obesity is epidemic, young women who achieve thinness believe they have accomplished a major cultural and personal victory; they have overcome the temptations of junk food and at the same time, created an image idealized by the media. This false sense of accomplishme nt is often reinforced by the envy of their heavier friends who may perceive anorexic patients as being stronger and more sexually attractive than they are. The media definitely plays a major role in the cause of anorexia. According to the World of Psychology It is difficult to pinpoint the cause of this disorder. More anorexic individuals are well-behaved and academically successful(The World of Psychology Page 371). Some investigators even believe that young women who refuse to eat are attempting to control a portion of their lives, which they feel unable to control in most situations(Psychology Today, May 98). The symptoms of anorexia vary since most women with the disorder keep it a secret but the major symptom is the change in size. According to an article from WebMd the primary symptom of anorexia is major weight loss from excessive and continuos dieting which may either be restrictive dieting or binge-eating and purging(www.webmd.com). The feet and hands of the anorexic patient may be cold or swollen sometimes. The stomach is often distressed after eating and is often bloated. Thinking may be confused or slowed, and an anorexic patient may have poor memory and judgement. Again all of these symptoms vary from individuals as could be seen in young women who have diabetes and anorexia. Such people may have a normal weight or even be overweight but still anorexic. A study conducted by Harvard medical school psychiatrist Dr. Theodore .A. Stern concluded, the most bewildering symptom of anorexia is the distorted body image(Psychology Today May 96). In another study people with anorexia tend ed to have an accurate perception of their upper body, but over estimated the size of their abdominal and pelvic area. .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0 , .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0 .postImageUrl , .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0 , .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0:hover , .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0:visited , .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0:active { border:0!important; } .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0:active , .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0 .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub209516a7107a22effd0b311b60206d0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Free Media Violences: The Impact of Media Vi EssayThere are a lot of complications that could arise from anorexia. Studies of anorexic patients reported death ranging from 4% to 20% (The World of Psychology Page 317). According to the FDA heart disease is the most common medical cause of death for people with anorexia. This is because the heart can develop dangerous rhythms, including slow rhythms known as bradycardia. Electrolyte imbalances can occur as a result of anorexia. Minerals such as potassium, Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphate are normally dissolved in the body fluid. Calcium and Potassium are particularly critical in maintaining the electric currents that cause the heart to beat regularly. The dehydration and starvation of anorexia can reduce fluid levels and mineral contents, a condition known as electrolyte imbalance, which can be of very serious and even life threatening, unless the fluids and minerals are replaced. Reproductive and hormonal abnormalities can occur due to anorexia. Anorexia causes low levels of reproductive hormones, changes in thyroid hormones, and increases the level of stress hormones, which causes amenorrhea. According to Psychology Today long term irregular or absent menstruation is common which eventually may cause sterility and bone loss. The major scare of anorexia is that it can cause death. According to the e world of psychology Unfortunately up to 20% of those suffering from anorexia nervosa eventually die of starvation or complications from organ damage(The World of Psychology Page 371). The World of Psychology summarizes the complications that could arise from anorexia and concludes that anorexics may also develop low blood pressure, impaired heart function, dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and/or sterility(The World of Psychology Page 371). This is in clear similarity to the other researches conducted by psychologists and shows the complications that could arise from anorexia. The major difficulty in treating an eating disorder like anorexia is often the resistance of the anorexic patient, who believes that the emancipation is normal and even attractive. According to the World of Psychology Anorexia is very difficult to treat. Most anorexic patients are steadfast in their refusal to eat, while insisting that nothing is wrong with them(The World of Psychology Page 371). Most moderately to severely ill anorexic patients should be admitted to the hospital for immediate treatment. In addition to immediate treatment of any serious medical problem, the goal of the anorexic patient is to increase weight. To do this therapy could be used until the anorexic patient succeeds in overcoming this difficult disorder. Anorexic patients who are severely malnourished should begin with a calorie count as low as 1500 calories a day, in order to reduce the chances for stomach pain and bloating, fluid retention and heart failure. The World of Psychology summarizes the treatment of anorexia. According to Samuel Wood and Ellen Green the main thrust of treatment, therefore is to get the anorexic individual to gain weight. The patient may be admitted to a hospital, a few controlled diets, and given rewards for small weight gains and increase in food intake. The treatment usually includes some type of psychotherapy and/or a self-help group(The World of Psychology Page 371). Since anorexia nervosa has no real treatment, the only real treatment for now could be eating healthy, exer cising moderately and also doing constant medical checkupsWords/ Pages : 1,474 / 24

Ways to Write Research Paper Cover Page

Title page for your research paper is not very difficult to make. There are 3 different formats by using them you can easily make your title page depending on the demand of your professor. These three formats are American Psychological Association (APA), the Modern Language Association (MLA) and Chicago style. These three formats are used depending on your requirements. Following are some tips by for writing research paper cover page; Making a title page with APA: The spacing of your title- Use return key to move your title down the page about 1/3 of your page. If the title is long or has colons in it, then write it in two lines. In this style, you have to be as accurate as possible. Capitalize the important words in the title such as noun, verbs, and adjectives but there is no need to capitalize unimportant words or words with less than 3 letters. Write your name- After writing the title of your research paper, write your name but dont write a title such as Dr., prof. If there are two or more than two authors of the paper than write them by separating with commas and ‘and. Write the name of your institutions- Now write the name of your university or the organization you are linked with to tell the readers where you have done most of your research. If there is only one author or more than one author belonging to the same organizations, then write the name of the organization after listing down the names of author/s. But if there are different authors affiliated with different universities than write the name of each author with the name of the organization he/she is affiliated with. Double spacing title-page- Highlight your text by selecting the spacing button from the HOME tab of a word document. Then form space drop-down menu, select ‘2 and your text is double-spaced now. Placing the title in center horizontally- Highlight your text on the page then select the button under paragraph to center the text. Add running header- A running header is used at the top of the page and goes throughout the page. Here all capital letters are used for a title. Formatting the page- 12-point Times New Roman font is used here and also make sure to have 1 inch of margin on all sides. Making a title page with MLA: Skip the title page unless it is required- In this style, the title page is not required unless asked by your teacher. In this format, you just simply write your title in the center of your page and start writing your text from the next line. If you are doing your title page this way then just simply write your name, your teacher name, course name, and the date by double spacing it on the upper-left hand side. A header on the right side includes your name and page number on the page. Skip your page down- In this format too; you have to start writing 1/3 down of the page. Write your title in one line even if it has semi-colon but if it is too long to adjust in one line than write it in two line by separating them from the semi-colon. Also, capitalize important words. Write your name under the title- Leave a blank line and write ‘By to place your name after it. if there are two authors than separate their names with ‘and’ and if there are more than two authors than write their name by separating them with commas. Move to the bottom- There you will have only three lines at the bottom where you have to write your class name and section in one line, then professor name in the second line and date in the last and third line. Center the text horizontally- Highlight the text, use paragraph grouping and click the center button to center the text. Format your page- Title page like rest of the paper should have 1-inch of format and with a readable font such as TIMES NEW ROMAN, in 12-point size. Making title page with Chicago style: Type your tile- Reach 1/3 down of your page and start writing your title in capital words in one line unless it has a subtitle. If it has a subtitle, write it in the next line. But try to adjust it in the first line. Skip some page- Leave four or five lines after writing down the title and then start writing the next part of your title page from there. Write name, class information, and date- Now write your name, then hit the return key and write class information and at the end again press return key and write the date. The date should be in the format of; first the name of the month, the date and then the year. Center the text- Highlight the text, use paragraph grouping and click the center button to center the text. Format your page- In this format 1 or  ½ inch of margins is used, which is also applied to the rest of the page. Chicago recommends TIMES NEW ROMAN and Palatino with 12-point font.